Global drought is an increasingly pressing environmental problem, affecting food sustainability worldwide. Continuing climate change increases the frequency and intensity of droughts, thereby having a direct impact on agricultural productivity. Additionally, increasing global population will further exacerbate these challenges, creating greater pressure on limited water resources. The main factors causing global drought are changes in temperature and rainfall patterns due to global warming. According to the IPCC report, the earth’s temperature has increased by more than 1°C since the preindustrial era, resulting in long-term climate change. As a result, areas that were previously fertile are now experiencing water deficits and reducing crop yields, which has led to a food crisis. The drought has had a major impact on the agricultural sector which depends on irrigation. Crops such as rice, corn, and wheat require significant amounts of water to grow optimally. Without sufficient water availability, farmers experience losses, increasing food prices, and creating economic instability in rural communities. Apart from that, drought also affects soil quality. Soil that lacks water tends to degrade, which reduces its fertility. This process causes a loss of soil nutrients, reducing the soil’s ability to support plants in the long term. Therefore, it is important to implement sustainable agricultural practices that can increase water use efficiency, such as drip irrigation and good tillage. Adaptation strategies are key in facing the challenge of global drought. Developing plant varieties that are resistant to drought can help farmers deal with uncertain conditions. Genetic engineering research and organic farming also offer innovative solutions to increase drought resistance. The application of modern technology, such as satellite-based weather monitoring and precision farming applications, allows farmers to optimize water use and increase productivity. With real-time information, farmers can make better decisions regarding planting, irrigation and fertilization times. Apart from technical and scientific approaches, education and awareness among farmers is very important. Training on sustainable farming methods can improve farmers’ abilities to face the challenges of drought. Collaboration between the government, research institutions and farming communities will accelerate the dissemination of best practices in water management and environmentally friendly agriculture. Government policy also has a significant role in overcoming global drought. Investment in efficient irrigation infrastructure and good water management systems is necessary. Providing incentives for sustainable agricultural practices and protecting water resources must also be considered to maintain long-term food sustainability. Global awareness is also very important in dealing with this issue. Educating the public about climate change and its impact on agriculture can encourage collective action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and slow global warming. With support from all levels of society, efforts to overcome global drought and its challenges will be stronger. Ultimately, a long-term solution to this problem involves a combination of technological approaches, supportive policies, and public awareness. Collaboration between scientists, farmers and policy makers is very important to create an agricultural system that is resilient to the challenges of global drought.
