Global political dynamics in the digital era reflect significant changes in interactions between states, societies and institutions. The digital era has changed the way information is disseminated, influences public opinion, and facilitates social movements. Social media, as one of the main tools in this era, allows wider participation of society in the political process. One of the main aspects of this dynamic is the emergence of digital platforms as spaces for debate. Twitter, Facebook and Instagram have become mediums where political issues can be conveyed directly and quickly. The power of digital content virality encourages people to actively engage, often without the filters of traditional media. However, this also brings challenges such as the spread of fake news, which can influence public perception and undermine the integrity of democracy. Furthermore, data analysis tools and algorithms play an important role in global politics. By utilizing big data, political parties can target voters more effectively, identify relevant issues, and optimize campaign strategies. This approach is known as microtargeting, in which political messages are tailored to specific segments of voters although it has often drawn criticism regarding ethics and privacy. Cyber attacks are also a pressing issue in global politics. States and non-state actors are now investing in cyber capabilities to strengthen their bargaining position in the international arena. For example, elections in various countries are often the target of foreign influence attempts to undermine public confidence in the democratic process. Digital activism movements, as seen in the #MeToo and Black Lives Matter movements, show how digital platforms can mobilize the masses and create global awareness about social and political issues. These virtual actions can increase the visibility of issues and encourage policy change, while challenging traditional power. However, the emergence of digital authoritarianism also needs to be paid attention to. Some countries use technology to monitor their citizens, silence dissent, and limit freedom of expression. Independent newspapers and non-governmental organizations are often targets of cenzorship, stifling the ever-shrinking democratic space. A balance between openness and control is important in responding to this challenge. The World Wide Web has the potential to promote transparency and accountability, but at the same time, technology can be leveraged for surveillance and social control. Therefore, a strong legal framework is needed to protect civil rights in the digital world. In the context of international relations, the digital era presents both opportunities and challenges. Digital diplomacy allows countries to engage with global society more directly. However, it can also cause diplomatic tensions, especially when misinformation can quickly spread and trigger negative reactions. One interesting aspect is the shift in global power. With digitalization, developing countries now have the opportunity to penetrate global markets and participate in international discussions. This brings about a new cycle in geopolitics, where the voices of small countries are increasingly heard. In this way, global political dynamics in the digital era are a complex reflection of technological advances interacting with contemporary political practices. Society needs to adapt and develop a critical understanding of the information received to create a democratic and competitive political ecosystem amidst rapid change.
